166 research outputs found
Simulated Annealing for JPEG Quantization
JPEG is one of the most widely used image formats, but in some ways remains
surprisingly unoptimized, perhaps because some natural optimizations would go
outside the standard that defines JPEG. We show how to improve JPEG compression
in a standard-compliant, backward-compatible manner, by finding improved
default quantization tables. We describe a simulated annealing technique that
has allowed us to find several quantization tables that perform better than the
industry standard, in terms of both compressed size and image fidelity.
Specifically, we derive tables that reduce the FSIM error by over 10% while
improving compression by over 20% at quality level 95 in our tests; we also
provide similar results for other quality levels. While we acknowledge our
approach can in some images lead to visible artifacts under large
magnification, we believe use of these quantization tables, or additional
tables that could be found using our methodology, would significantly reduce
JPEG file sizes with improved overall image quality.Comment: Appendix not included in arXiv version due to size restrictions. For
full paper go to:
http://www.eecs.harvard.edu/~michaelm/SimAnneal/PAPER/simulated-annealing-jpeg.pd
Higgs Portals for Thermal Dark Matter - EFT Perspectives and the NMSSM -
We analyze a low energy effective model of Dark Matter in which the thermal
relic density is provided by a singlet Majorana fermion which interacts with
the Higgs fields via higher dimensional operators. Direct detection signatures
may be reduced if blind spot solutions exist, which naturally appear in models
with extended Higgs sectors. Explicit mass terms for the Majorana fermion can
be forbidden by a symmetry, which in addition leads to a reduction of the
number of higher dimensional operators. Moreover, a weak scale mass for the
Majorana fermion is naturally obtained from the vacuum expectation value of a
scalar singlet field. The proper relic density may be obtained by the
-channel interchange of Higgs and gauge bosons, with the longitudinal mode
of the boson (the neutral Goldstone mode) playing a relevant role in the
annihilation process. This model shares many properties with the
Next-to-Minimal Supersymmetric extension of the Standard Model (NMSSM) with
light singlinos and heavy scalar and gauge superpartners. In order to test the
validity of the low energy effective field theory, we compare its predictions
with those of the ultraviolet complete NMSSM. Extending our framework to
include neutral Majorana fermions, analogous to the bino in the NMSSM, we
find the appearance of a new bino-singlino well tempered Dark Matter region.Comment: 42 pages, 14 figures. v2: added references, published in JHE
Lighting up the LHC with Dark Matter
We show that simultaneously explaining dark matter and the observed value of
the muon's magnetic dipole moment may lead to yet unexplored photon signals at
the LHC. We consider the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model with
electroweakino masses in the few-to-several hundred GeV range, and opposite
sign of the Bino mass parameter with respect to both the Higgsino and Wino mass
parameters. In such region of parameter space, the spin-independent elastic
scattering cross section of a Bino-like dark matter candidate in direct
detection experiment is suppressed by cancellations between different
amplitudes, and the observed dark matter relic density can be realized via
Bino-Wino co-annihilation. Moreover, the observed value of the muon's magnetic
dipole moment can be explained by Bino and Wino loop contributions.
Interestingly, "radiative" decays of Wino-like neutralinos into the lightest
neutralino and a photon are enhanced, whereas decays into leptons are
suppressed. While these decay patterns weaken the reach of multi-lepton
searches at the LHC, the radiative decay opens a new window for probing dark
matter at the LHC through the exploration of parameter space regions beyond
those currently accessible. To complement the current electroweakino searches,
we propose searching for a single (soft) photon plus missing transverse energy,
accompanied by a hard initial state radiation jet
"What's (the) Matter?", A Show on Elementary Particle Physics with 28 Demonstration Experiments
We present the screenplay of a physics show on particle physics, by the
Physikshow of Bonn University. The show is addressed at non-physicists aged 14+
and communicates basic concepts of elementary particle physics including the
discovery of the Higgs boson in an entertaining fashion. It is also
demonstrates a successful outreach activity heavily relying on the university
physics students. This paper is addressed at anybody interested in particle
physics and/or show physics. This paper is also addressed at fellow physicists
working in outreach, maybe the experiments and our choice of simple
explanations will be helpful. Furthermore, we are very interested in related
activities elsewhere, in particular also demonstration experiments relevant to
particle physics, as often little of this work is published.
Our show involves 28 live demonstration experiments. These are presented in
an extensive appendix, including photos and technical details. The show is set
up as a quest, where 2 students from Bonn with the aid of a caretaker travel
back in time to understand the fundamental nature of matter. They visit
Rutherford and Geiger in Manchester around 1911, who recount their famous
experiment on the nucleus and show how particle detectors work. They travel
forward in time to meet Lawrence at Berkeley around 1950, teaching them about
the how and why of accelerators. Next, they visit Wu at DESY, Hamburg, around
1980, who explains the strong force. They end up in the LHC tunnel at CERN,
Geneva, Switzerland in 2012. Two experimentalists tell them about colliders and
our heroes watch live as the Higgs boson is produced and decays. The show was
presented in English at Oxford University and University College London, as
well as Padua University and ICTP Trieste. It was 1st performed in German at
the Deutsche Museum, Bonn (5/'14). The show has eleven speaking parts and
involves in total 20 people.Comment: 113 pages, 88 figures. An up to date version of the paper with high
resolution pictures can be found at
http://www.th.physik.uni-bonn.de/People/dreiner/Downloads/. In v2 the
acknowledgements and a citation are correcte
Production of He-4 and (4) in Pb-Pb collisions at root(NN)-N-S=2.76 TeV at the LHC
Results on the production of He-4 and (4) nuclei in Pb-Pb collisions at root(NN)-N-S = 2.76 TeV in the rapidity range vertical bar y vertical bar <1, using the ALICE detector, are presented in this paper. The rapidity densities corresponding to 0-10% central events are found to be dN/dy4(He) = (0.8 +/- 0.4 (stat) +/- 0.3 (syst)) x 10(-6) and dN/dy4 = (1.1 +/- 0.4 (stat) +/- 0.2 (syst)) x 10(-6), respectively. This is in agreement with the statistical thermal model expectation assuming the same chemical freeze-out temperature (T-chem = 156 MeV) as for light hadrons. The measured ratio of (4)/He-4 is 1.4 +/- 0.8 (stat) +/- 0.5 (syst). (C) 2018 Published by Elsevier B.V.Peer reviewe
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